MALARIA -

Epidemiological Alerts Archives, 2003–2008
(Note: Series renamed, formerly EID Updates: Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Region of the Americas.)
The purpose of these alerts is to disseminate information on the latest public-health events that have been identified as risks to health, trade, and/or international travel. Most of these events are primarily due to infectious agents, while others are due to chemical or physical agents. The PAHO Epidemiological Alerts published at the regional level (for the Americas) complement the WHO Disease Outbreak News published at the global level. The latest issues can be found at the new site, 2009 onwards.
eid-eer-ew.htm

Malaria Day in the Americas: 6 November 2008
The theme/slogan for this year's Malaria Day in the Americas is United Against Malaria--Overcoming the challenges of a borderless disease. The event is part of a worldwide campaign to raise awareness and funds to fight this disease. Local and national events will take place to commemorate it. This page offers an information video, a summary, all supplementary materials, including official graphics.
mal-day-08.htm

Malaria in the Americas: Time Series Epidemiological Data from 2000 to 2007
Data on the Region and on 21 countries are compiled in Excel charts embedded within a PowerPoint PDF presentation, first by Region and then by countries (listed alphabetically, with bookmarks to each of the 22 sections). There are six slides per country (according to data available), including (1) populations at risk, (2) malaria morbidity, (3) malariometric indices (API, AFI, AVI), (4) malaria microscopy, (5) slide positivity rate (SPR), and (6) malaria mortality.
mal-reg-country-epi-data-2007.pdf

Status of Malaria in the Americas, 1994-2007: A Series of Data Tables
These 13 Excel PDF data tables present the most recent summary of important malaria indicators/data: populations at risk, cases in non-malarious countries, morbidity in endemic countries, slide positivity rate, passive and active case detection, antimalarials used; completed treatments, malarious areas and control priorities, national malaria program budgets, and P. falciparum cases and treatment policies. Data presented in the tables are based on official annual reports from the health ministries of the respective countries.
mal-americas-2007.pdf

Malaria Morbidity in the Americas: Baseline, Trends, and Targets (in Endemic Countries)
From more than 1.1 million cases reported in 2000, the Region lowered malaria morbidity to approximately 775,000 in 2007 or a decrease of 32%. These three tables and charts illustrate the current status of malaria in the 21 endemic countries of the Americas in comparison with baseline figures in 2000 and targets for 2010 and 2015. The overall decrease in 16 countries and increase in 5 were monitored in the context of strengthened health surveillance systems.
mal-morbidity-americas-2007.pdf

Integrated Vector Management (IVM)
Vector control is well suited for integrated approaches because some vectors are responsible for multiple diseases, and some interventions are effective against several vectors. The concept of IVM was developed as a result of lessons learned from integrated pest management, which is used in the agricultural sector; IVM aims to optimize and rationalize the use of resources and tools for vector control. This resource page links to WHO materials on IVM and to PAHO materials on vector-borne diseases (VBDs).
ivm.htm

World Malaria Report 2008
Half of the world's population is at risk of malaria, and an estimated 247 million cases led to nearly 881 000 deaths in 2006. The World malaria report 2008 describes the global distribution of cases and deaths, how WHO-recommended control strategies have been adopted and implemented in endemic countries, sources of funding for malaria control, and recent evidence that prevention and treatment can alleviate the burden of disease.
WHO/GMP

PAHO Communicable Disease Research Program (CDR)
This page offers the user basic information and a variety of resources in the area of research in infectious diseases: mandates, program description, PAHO guides for researchers submitting proposals and reports, links to its WHO counterpart and to the PAHO Research Grants Program as well as to donor institutions and related sites, international awards, announcements of conferences and publications, upcoming events, etc.
res-tdr-home.htm

CD48/13 - Integrated Vector Management: A Comprehensive Response to Vector-borne Diseases
CD48/13Integrated Vector Management: A Comprehensive Response to Vector-borne Diseases
cd48-13-e.pdf

Health Surveillance and Disease Prevention and Control at PAHO
This page describes the PAHO Technical Area for Health Surveillance and Disease Prevention and Control(HSD), its mission and objectives, what it does in terms of projects and activities. It contains links to the four technical groups and the Pan American Center under its umbrella. Note: Prior to June 2006, the Area was named Disease Prevention and Control.
dpc-page.htm

CE142/16 - Malaria: Progress Report

ce142-16-e.pdf

RAVREDA-AMI: Amazon Network for the Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance / Amazon Malaria Initiative
In October 2001, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) awarded PAHO a grant for a program of joint activities in the Amazon subregion. This page describes the project and provides links to project documentation.
ravreda-ami.htm

An Achievable Dream: Eliminating Some Diseases from the Americas
In this speech, PAHO Director Dr. Mirta Roses outlines a set of communicable diseases--vector-borne, zoonotic, viral, bacterial and parasitic--that can be eliminated or significantly reduced by 2015 at the regional, subregional, or national level.
PAHO Director

An ACHIEVABLE DREAM: Eliminating some Diseases from the Region
"When envisioning the future of public health in the Americas, we can and should dare to dream of victories that greatly benefit all citizens and have a real impact on the human development levels of our peoples.
Eliminating certain illnesses or diseases that still afflict our peoples even though we possess the knowledge and tools with which to make them virtually disappear is one of those achievable dreams."
RosesArticle_DiseaseE_eng.htm

Training Materials
This WHO site offers training materials from its Global Malaria Programme: learner's guides, tutor's guides, manuals, and videos in English and French.
WHO GMP

Malaria: Topic Home (CDC Malaria Branch)
Besides being partners in RAVREDA-AMI (the PAHO-USAID Amazon Network for Surveillance of Resistance to Antimalarials / Amazon Malaria Initiative), CDC’s Malaria Branch is also designated as WHO Collaborating Center for Prevention and Control of Malaria, while its Entomology Branch is Collaborating Center for Production and Distribution of Malaria Sporozoite ELISAs.
CDC Malaria Branch

The International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI)
The International Research Institute for Climate Prediction at the Earth Institute at Columbia University is the WHO Collaborating Center for Early Warning Systems for Malaria and other Climate-Sensitive Diseases.
IRI

Annual Malaria Cases and Deaths in the Americas, 1998-2006
This 46-slide PowerPoint presentation with Excel charts graphically presents the morbidity and mortality trends on malaria in the Region and in its 21 endemic countries. Based on the 2006 reports from countries, total malaria cases in the Americas have decreased by 20% between the years 2000 and 2006. During the same time period, 4 countries had a reduction of >75%, 4 with >50 to <75% decrease, and 7 others with <50% reduction. However, 6 nations in the Region continue to have increases in their annual number of malaria cases. The regional reduction in malaria mortality has decreased by nearly 70%. Eighteen member PAHO member states continue to be malaria free.
mal-cases-deaths-1998-2006.pdf

WHO Malaria Page
This page provides important general and technical information on malaria, including disease symptoms, transmission and risks; diagnosis and treatment; vector control; and malaria programs and activities in other WHO Regional Offices.
WHO Malaria Page

WHO Global Malaria Programme (GMP)
This page provides the latest updates, approaches, and tools on malaria surveillance, monitoring, and evaluation, policy and strategy formulation, technical assistance, and coordination of WHO's global efforts to fight malaria.
WHO/GMP

CSP27.R11: Malaria in the Americas
This resolution from the 27th Pan American Sanitary Conference in 2007 sets forth the PAHO mandate for the fight against malaria in the Americas. It also instituted the annual celebration of Malaria Day in the Americas.
CSP27.R11

CSP27.R10: Regional Policy and Strategy for Ensuring Quality of Health Care, Including Patient Safety
This resolution from the 27th Pan American Sanitary Conference in 2007 sets forth the PAHO mandate for providing effective, safe, efficient, accessible, appropriate, and satisfactory care for users, recognizing that policies are needed in the health sector that will impact the health care continuum, foster citizen involvement, and promote a culture of quality and safety in health care institution.
CSP27.R10

Global Plan to Combat Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2008–2015
The WHO Global Plan to Combat NTDs Global Plan has been formulated according to the following key principles: the right to health; existing health systems as a setting for interventions; a coordinated, multi-disease response by the health system; integration and equity; and intensified control of diseases alongside pro-poor policies. This page contains the executive summary plus a link to the full text.
ntds-global-plan.htm

Tackling Neglected Diseases in Latin America
This page links to two Biomedical Center (BMC) Public Health articles, one a commentary on improving the health of neglected populations in Latin America and the other, an article on prevention, control, and elimination of neglected diseases in the Americas.
WHO

CSP27/9-- Malaria in the Americas: Progress Report
This document from the 2007 Pan American Sanitary Conference is the official status report on malaria in the Region of the Americas, which led to the corresponding resolution on the same topic.
csp27-09-e.pdf

Regional Strategic Plan for Malaria in the Americas 2006–2010
The plan to combat malaria over the next five years takes into account the need for continuous efforts to achieve specific goals as well as the reduction of the burden on human health and the negative social and economic effects of the disease among the most affected population groups. It emphasizes the need for access to malaria diagnosis, appropriate treatment, preventive interventions, and sufficient health service coverage--meaning that strategies must be coupled with concrete actions and an enduring commitment.
mal-reg-strat-plan-06.htm mal-reg-strat-plan-06.pdf

Regional Program on Malaria: The Fight against a Major Killer in the Americas
This page provides basic information on the mission and areas of work of the PAHO Regional Program on Malaria, which coordinates technical cooperation with PAHO Member States in the fight against malaria.
mal-prog-page.htm

CE140/10 - Malaria in the Americas: Progress Report
Item 4.5 on the Agenda of the 140th session of the Executive Committee of PAHO, Washington D.C., 25-29 June 2007.
ce140-10-e.pdf

Malaria, including Proposal for Establishment of World Malaria Day
This resolution of the Sixtieth World Health Assembly held in May 2007 provides the recommendations made to control the global burden of malaria (Resolution WHA60.18). It constitutes not only the WHO global mandate but also the PAHO mandate for the Americas.
WHA60.18

WHA60.18: Malaria, including Proposal for Establishment of World Malaria Day
This resolution from the 60th World Health Assembly in 2007 sets forth the WHO global mandate for malaria and a proposal for an annual World Malaria Day, which PAHO has adopted for the Americas.
WHA60.18

WHA60.25: Integrating Gender Analysis and Actions into the Work of WHO: Draft Strategy
This resolution from the 60th World Health Assembly in 2007 sets forth the WHO mandate to analyze the data and act in ensuring and integrating gender equality into all health-related areas and all levels of health-care delivery and services for women and girls of all ages.
WHA60.25

DDT Homepage
Home page of the DDT/UNEP/GEF/PAHO project on Regional Program of Action and Demostration of Sustainable Alternatives to DDT for Malaria Vector Control in Mexico and Central America.
ddt-home.htm

Annual Evaluation Meeting of the Amazon Network for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance (RAVREDA) (Campos de Jordão, São Paulo State, Brazil, 7–10 March 2007)
The objectives of this meeting are to review the progress of the activities of RAVREDA/AMI during the last year and to discuss the implementation of the tools promoted by RAVREDA/AMI in the health services. The RAVREDA Member Countries will meet with the network's sponsors (USAID, CDC, USP, MSH/RPM Plus). French Guiana will be invited to join this year.
ravreda-mtg-2007.htm

Manual for Indoor Residual Spraying: Application of Residual Sprays for Vector Control (3rd ed.)
The objective of this handbook is to ensure the safe and correct application of a residual insecticide to indoor surfaces on which vectors may rest. Indoor residual spraying is extensively used, especially for malaria and Chagas disease vector control. However, vector control programmes frequently lack well-trained field staff to apply the insecticides and to maintain the application equipment. With good skills and quality application equipment, hazards to human health and the environment, as well as financial losses, can be avoided. It can be used as a model to develop training materials in the countries.
WHOPES

Malaria (TDR Fact Sheet and Research Resource Page)
This page offers basic information on malaria and research currently being done on the disease. Malaria is the most important tropical disease, remaining widespread throughout the tropics, but also occurring in many temperate regions. It exacts a heavy toll of illness and death - especially amongst children and pregnant women. It also poses a risk to travellers and immigrants, with imported cases increasing in non-endemic areas. Treatment and control have become more difficult with the spread of drug-resistant strains of parasites and insecticide-resistant strains of mosquito vectors. Health education, better case management, better control tools and concerted action are needed to limit the burden of the disease.
WHO/TDR

The Burden of Neglected Diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean Compared with Some Other Communicable Diseases
This graph makes a case for increased attention to neglected diseases by illustrating their tremendous disease burden as compared to other communicable diseases that receive a higher level of attention from health systems.
psit-nd-graph.htm

CD47.R18: Health of the Indigenous Peoples in the Americas
Taking note of the existence of inequities in health and access to health care services that affect more than 45 million indigenous people living in the Americas; and because the United Nations Millennium Declaration cannot be reached unless the specific health needs of excluded populations, such as indigenous peoples, are addressed, this resolution of the 47th PAHO Directing Council in 2006 sets for the mandate to take a multicultural approach to include these groups and work towards greater equity and better health for all.
CD47.R18

Toward Universal Access to HIV Prevention, Care and Treatment: 3 by 5 Report for the Americas
As governments, organizations, and individuals strive to combat AIDS deaths and the spread of HIV, we must all aim high. The magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and its potential to spread require high level planning and large scale action. When the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS set the goal to treat three million people with antiretrovirals by 2005, it was with this aim to think big and achieve commensurate gains.
3X5AmericasReport.pdf

Communicable Disease Prevention and Control at PAHO: Aims, Strategies and Lines of Action
This page summarizes the mission, objectives, strategies and lines of action of the PAHO Communicable Disease Unit and describes what it hopes to accomplish through technical cooperation.
cd-unit-page.htm

Almost a quarter of all disease caused by environmental exposure
As much as 24% of global disease is caused by environmental exposures which can be averted. Well-targeted interventions can prevent much of this environmental risk, the World Health Organization (WHO) demonstrates in a report issued today. The report further estimates that more than 33% of disease in children under the age of 5 is caused by environmental exposures. WHO report Preventing disease through healthy environments: Towards an estimate of the environmental burden of disease
WHO

Preventing disease through healthy environments: Towards an estimate of the environmental burden of disease
How much disease could be prevented through better management of our environment? The environment influences our health in many ways — through exposures to physical, chemical and biological risk factors, and through related changes in our behaviour in response to those factors. To answer this question, the available scientific evidence was summarized and more than 100 experts were consulted for their estimates of how much environmental risk factors contribute to the disease burden of 85 diseases. This report summarizes the results globally, with the access page providing an abstract, an executive summary, and access to the e-book.
WHO

International Clinical Trials Registry Platform
New standards for registration of human medical research (19 May 2006): WHO is urging research institutions and companies to register all medical studies that test treatments on patients or healthy volunteers. Registration of clinical trials –- including preliminary studies -- will be fundamental to ensuring transparency and fulfilling ethical responsibilities, thus publicly declaring and identifying the trials, so as to ensure that a minimum set of results be reported and made publicly available. This link to WHO provides access to the full text and other related articles in the Lancet.
WHO

RAVREDA-AMI Newsletter
The Amazon Network for the Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance (RAVREDA) and the Amazon Malaria Initiative (AMI) are part of the joint efforts of the Amazon countries and institutions (PAHO/WHO, USAID, CDC, USP, MSH) for the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Initiative in the Americas. The RAVREDA-AMI Newsletter is a quarterly news and information publication where its latest activities and achievements are reported and shared.
ravreda-ami-news.htm

Investing in Global Health: 'Best Buys' and Priorities for Action in Developing Countries
These three new volumes from the World Bank Disease Control Priorities Project--Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (2^nd ed.), Priorities in Health, and Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors--are part of an ongoing initiative to provide technical resources to improve the health systems, and ultimately the health of people, in developing countries.
DCP Site

Priorities in Health
Two overarching themes emerge from the extensive research and analyses in this World Bank publication: (1) Current resources can yield substantial health gains if knowledge of cost-effective interventions were applied more fully. (2) Additional resources are needed in low-income countries to minimize the glaring inequities in health care. Increased resources would provide highly-effective interventions, expand research, and extend basic health coverage to more people. WHO contributed to this publication.
DCPP

Travelers' Health
This information published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States (CDC, a PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center), helps orient travelers on anything they should know and precautions they should take when travelling to a given country.
CDC

International Travel and Health
This page links to WHO information related to international travel, helping to orient travellers as to the situation regarding disease prevalence or outbreaks in a given country and what precautions they should take. It provides an index by country, related links, and information on relevant publications.
WHO

ALCUEH: Health Collaboration Program among Latin American, the Caribbean and European countries
ALCUEH is a project that convokes expert professionals, researchers, decision-makers and representatives of agencies, interested in making alliances, in order to analyze relevant problems related to health, to identify possible strategies and solutions which can help improve health conditions in industrialized or developing countries.
ALCUEH

V^th Meeting of the Surveillance Network for Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Amazon Countries
This yearly meeting was sponsored by PAHO and three US government agencies: Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and the Agency for International Development (USAID). This page offers a summary on compliance with the past year's recommendations and the recommendations made at the meeting, as well as access to the final report in Spanish.
eer-red-amazonica-05.htm

Strategic Orientation Paper on Prevention and Control of Malaria for National and International Programme Officers Involved in Malaria Control at Country Level (1st ed.)
The objectives of this training exercise are to orient participants on the global and regional Roll Back Malaria (RBM) goals, objectives and targets; and to equip and direct participants with up-to-date intervention strategies and tools for malaria control under different epidemiological settings. This site provides access to the manual for use in the training course.
mal-strat-orient.htm

Specifications for Prepackaging Antimalarial Medicines: Report of a WHO Technical Consultation
The objectives of this meeting were to define minimum technical specifications for the blister prepackaging of antimalarial medicines; define minimum requirements for product labelling, product information inserts, and information, education and communication (IEC) materials for prepackaged antimalarial medicines; elaborate and review the regulatory requirements for registering antimalarial medicines as co-packaged and/or prepackaged products; and highlight issues related to improved access (good distribution, storage and other drug management processes) for end-users in relation to "course of treatment" packaging.
mal-who-pack-meds.htm

World Malaria Report 2005
This is the first comprehensive report by Roll Back Malaria (RBM) partners on the status of malaria worldwide and on countries' progress to control the disease through effective treatment and prevention. The report is based on the best information that was available to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) at the end of 2004 from routine reports, household surveys and special studies.
mal-world-rpt-2005.htm WHO

Frequently Asked Questions about Malaria
This extensive lists of FAQs provides answers to the most common questions on malaria can be found on the site of the WHO Roll Back Malaria Partnership.
RBM Partnership

Targeted Subsidy Strategies for National Scaling Up of Insecticide-Treated Netting Programmes--Principles and Approaches
The purpose of this WHO document, based on a week of intensive dialogue reflecting field experiences, is to help those involved in planning, promoting and implementing insecticide-treated netting (ITN) programmes make systematic decisions about how to target public funds effectively. It provides principles and approaches for countries and donors to consider in designing ITN interventions that will reach populations in need at the required scale, over the long term and with efficient use of resources.
mal-who-subsidy-strategies.htm

Coming to Grips with Malaria in the New Millennium
This report presents an innovative strategic framework for relieving the burden that malaria imposes on society through the implementation of tried and tested anti-malarial interventions designed to improve health nationally and to promote economic development locally. Recommendations include early diagnosis, treatment with effective anti-malarial medicines, the use of insecticide treated nets, indoor residual spraying, managing the environment, improving housing, extending health education and improving monitoring and evaluation systems.
UN Millennium Project

PAHO Today - November 2005 Edition
PAHO Today is the newsletter of the Pan American Health Organization, published three times a year. In this edition: WHO's Director-General Warns PAHO Member Countries on Pandemic Flu, Ministers of Health of the Americas Set Policies for 2006 and Beyond, PAHO Training Program in International Health - Two Decades Shaping Health Leadership in the Americas, more.
pahotoday_nov05.htm

Photo Gallery: Meeting of National Directors of Epidemiology and Malaria Programs (San José, Costa Rica, 7–10 November 2005)
The five photographs on this page illustrate the activities of the meeting, attended by representatives from 21 endemic countries, PAHO and WHO.
mal-2005-cor-fotos.htm

Meeting of National Directors of Epidemiology and Malaria Programs (San José, Costa Rica, 7–10 noviembre 2005)
Participants in this meeting included representatives from 21 endemic countries, PAHO and the WHO Roll Back Malaria Global Partnership. The objectives were to update National Directors of Epidemiology and Malaria Programs in the Americas on the current situation of malaria worldwide and in the Region of the Americas; provide an opportunity for National Malaria Programs to present epidemiological data on the status of malaria in their country; and provide a venue for countries to share experiences, networking and exchange information. This page provides access to all meeting proceedings.
mal-2005-cor.htm

Resolution CD46.R13: Malaria and the Internationally Agreed-Upon Development Goals Including Those Contained in the Millennium Declaration
This resolution was made at the 46th meeting of the PAHO Directing Council in September 2005.
PAHO Resolution CD 46.R13

CD46.R13: Malaria and Internationally Agreed-Upon Development Goals, Including Those Contained in the Millennium Declaration
This resolution from the 46th PAHO Directing Council in 2005 urges Member States to attain the goals of the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Initiative as well as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), to seek funding from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (GFATM), to strengthen capacities and community participation as well as integrated and multisectoral approaches, to establish a Malaria Control Day in the Americas, and to develop vaccines, new insecticides, and more effective drugs to fight malaria, among other mandates.
CD46.R13

CD46.R16: PAHO Gender Equality Policy
Resolution adopted at the 46th PAHO Directing Council in September 2005, which lays down the PAHO mandate for gender equality in health and development in the Americas, in accordance with the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
cd46.r16-e.pdf CD46.R16

Pan American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 18 No. 3 September 2005
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 18 No. 3 September 2005
Online Bookstore

CD46/21-Progress Report on Family and Health
Agenda item 4.16 for the 46th Directing Council, Washington, DC, September 2005.
cd46-21-e.pdf

CD46/17-Malaria and the Internationally Agreed-upon Development Goals, Including Those Contained in the Millennium Declaration
Agenda item 4.12 for the 46th Directing Council, Washington, DC, September 2005.
cd46-17-e.pdf

Safety of Pyrethroids for Public Health Use
Pyrethroids are widely used in public health because of their relative safety for humans, high insecticidal potency at low dosages and rapid knock-down effects. WHO has assessed the safety and efficacy of pyrethroids for different applications in vector control, as well as in disinsection of aircrafts. The purpose of this document is to critically review current knowledge on the safety of pyrethroids and whether existing WHO recommendations for pyrethroid applications should be revised or modified. (This review does not consider the use of pyrethroids in space spraying and vapour applications, e.g. in mosquito coils and aerosols.)
mal-whopes-pyrethroids.htm

Global Insecticide Use for Vector-Borne Disease Control (2^nd ed.)
Vector control constitutes an important element in the current global strategy for the control of major vector-borne diseases, and chemical control remains an important element in an integrated approach to vector control. This publication attempts to document the use of insecticides for vector control at the global level concerning the evelopment of guidelines on safe and effective use of insecticides and on resistance management, agreements for international use of insecticides, investment for development of alternatives, and review and formulation of policies for insecticide usage at different levels.
mal-whopes-vbd-gl.htm

Public Health Pesticide Management Practices by WHO Member States: Report of a Survey, 2003–2004
Survey objectives were to study key features of public health pesticide management practices by WHO Member States; assist national and international organizations in developing activities to address weaknesses in their management practices; and serve as a baseline for monitoring progress in such activities. In the Americas, 14 countries responded comprising 55% of the at-risk population for major vector-borne diseases: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay. The Caribbean Epidemiology Centre / CAREC assisted with data collection and validation.
mal-whopes-survey.htm

Guidelines for Laboratory and Field Testing of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Mosquito Nets
The purpose of this document is to provide specific and standardized procedures and guidelines for testing long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets (LNs) for personal protection and malaria control. It is intended to harmonize the testing procedures carried out to generate data for registration and labelling of such products by national authorities.
mal-whopes-mosquito-netting.htm

Guidelines on Situation Analysis for Public Health Pesticide Management
The objectives of this 2005 publication by WHOPES, the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme, is to provide guidance in the performance of a situation analysis aimed at identifying the weaknesses, strengths and needs for strengthening a country's public health pesticide management practices. It identifies the key steps in the planning process and outlines a methodology for such analysis.
mal-whopes-pesticide-guide.htm

WHA58.2: Malaria Control
Concerned that malaria continues to cause more than one million preventable deaths a year, especially among young children and other vulnerable groups; and that the disease continues to threaten the lives of millions of people in the Americas, Africa, Asia and the Pacific; and aware of the goals of the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) initiative and the United Nations Millennium Declaration, the 58th World Health Assembly in 2005 established a series of mandates in this resolution to deal with malaria control.
WHA58.2

Malaria
This page offers the user a panoramic view of all PAHO materials on malaria. The documents are organized according to the following categories: surveillance, prevention and control, PAHO activities, Other PAHO Materials, and General Information/Links. It also contains a listing of featured items for all categories with the most important documents from each, and a side bar containing frequently requested items, upcoming events, and/or new books.
malaria.htm

EB115.R14: Malaria
Concerned that malaria continues to cause more than one million preventable deaths a year, especially among young children and other vulnerable groups; and that the disease continues to threaten the lives of millions of people in the Americas, Africa, Asia and the Pacific; and aware of the goals of the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) initiative and the United Nations Millennium Declaration, the WHO Executive Board made a series of recommendations to be taken up at the 58th World Health Assembly in 2005.
EB115.R14

Malaria in the Countries and Region of the Americas:Time Series Epidemiological Data, 1998–2004
22 presentations with data on the Region and on 21 countries: The charts in each presentation are divided into sections following a standardized format (according to data available), with such generic areas as the malaria burden, morbidity and mortality, malariometric indices (API, AFI, AVI, AMI), trends in case detection and diagnosis, treatment, and resources and financing.
mal-2005.htm

Status of Malaria in the Americas, 2004: A Series of Data Tables
This Excel PDF speadsheet offers the latest compiled data for the Region of the Americas on the situation of malaria in the year 2004, with 13 tables containing data for the Region and for up to 21 countries where malaria is endemic. Topic covered include morbidity and mortality, case detection, imported cases, transmission, treatment, laboratory findings, ecological risk, risk groups, program activity, budget, and antimalarial drugs. (last update March 2006)
mal-status-2004.pdf

Update on the Malaria Epidemic in the Dominican Republic (16 December 2004)
Despite an intense search for febrile persons in construction sites, hoteles, and businesses in the tourist areas in Altagracia province, only three new cases have been detected there, thus confirming the success of measures taken. In Hato Mayor, no new cases were detected; nevertheless, house-to-house searches will be conducted to find febrile persons in the affected areas, in order to detect any person with a positive diagnosis who might re-establish transmission. This page contains a data table showing the cumulative cases of malaria for 2004 up to Epidemiological Week 49 (ending 12 December 2004).
mal-dor-se49-2004.htm

Official Communiqué: Commission of Health and Tourism Guarantees Absolute Malaria Control (Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 9 December 2004)
On December 9, 2004, local health authorities in the Dominican Republic issued the following update: Following the completion of the data collection corresponding to Epidemiologic Week (EW) 48 (28 November to 4 December 2004), and according to the data from the Nation Center for Control of Tropical Diseases (Centro Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Tropicales / CENCET), the endemic curve of malaria is within the safe zone. In epidemiological terms, the safe zone signifies that the endemic disease is under control.
mal-epi-dor.htm

Successful Experiences in Disease Control in Brazil Presented at Expoepi (Brasilia, 23-26 November 2004)
The Ministry of Health of Brazil and the Department of Health Surveillance (SVS), with PAHO participating, held the 4^th National Exhibit on Successful Experiences in Epidemiology and Disease Prevention and Control (Expoepi). The objectives of the event, the most important in its area in all Brazil, were to exhibit and award actions implemented in the cities and states that had a positive impact on the prevention and control of diseases of importance to public health, by improving the quality of epidemiological surveillance.
lep-expoepi-2004.htm

Regional Core Health Data System - Indicators Glossary
Definition, technical note, type, measure units, categories, and subcategories for each indicator in the Regional Core Health Data System
glossary.htm

CD45.R3: Millennium Development Goals and Health Targets
This resolution from the 45th PAHO Directing Council in 2004 issues a series of mandates to advise countries on what they need to do to meet the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
CD45.R3

Guyana Launches Arteminisin Combination Anti-Malaria Drug Co-artem®
The Ministry of Health of Guyana, in collaboration with PAHO/WHO, launched Co-artem®, a co-formulated anti-malaria drug, on 8 September 2004. Worldwide, falciparum is the most dangerous species of malaria; and in Guyana, more than 25,000 malaria cases are reported annually. Co-artem®, a fixed combination of two drugs (Artemether and Lumefantrine) is an anti-malaria therapy for acute, uncomplicated falciparum malaria.
mal-guy-co-artem.htm

Guidelines for Integrated Vector Management
The WHO Regional Office for Africa was the first to develop a framework to orient the implementation of Integrated Vector Management (IVM). The technical materials in this 36-page document are designed to guide the implementation process. There are additional sections on operational research, partnerships, sustainability, capacity-building and community mobilization.
WHO/AFRO

WHO Position on DDT Use in Disease Vector Control under the Stockholm Convention on Persistant Organic Pollutants
This two-page WHO fact sheet, designed for posting and quick reference, declares its position on DDT in relation to the Stockholm Convention on Persistant Organic Pollutants (POPs) and which governs the use of DDT at the international level.
WHO

The Use of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests
Misdiagnosis of malaria results in significant morbidity and mortality. Rapid, accurate and accessible detection of malaria parasites has an important role in addressing this, and in promoting more rational use of increasingly costly drugs, in many endemic areas. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) offer the potential to provide accurate diagnosis to all at-risk populations for the first time, reaching those unable to access good quality microscopy services. This page offers access to the summary and the WHO color booklet.
mal-who-rdt-booklet.htm

Malaria and HIV/AIDS: Interactions and Implications
Malaria and HIV are among the two most important global health problems of our time. Together, they cause more than 4 million deaths per year.There is a growing body of knowledge on the interactions between HIV/AIDS and malaria, with particularly serious consequences for reproductive health. This two-page color flyer summarizes the conclusions of a technical consultation convened by WHO 23–25 June 2004.
WHO

Malaria and HIV Interactions and Their Implications for Public Health Policy Report of a WHO Technical Consultation, Geneva, Switzerland, 23–25 June 2004
This technical consultation was the first meeting of international experts assessing the impact of interactions between malaria and HIV on the health of people affected by both diseases. The meeting was a major step in identifying implications of such interactions for research, public health policy and health service delivery. The challenge is to combine activities to control malaria and HIV at various levels of the health system, tailor responses to community needs, and optimize the use of scarce resources for integrated service delivery. There are many opportunities for synergism, in particular at a time of growing political and financial commitment to reduce the burden of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. This page provides access to both the full text and to the policy recommendations in flyer form.
mal-hiv-policy.htm

Instrument and Exercise for in vivo Antimalarial Drug-Efficacy Studies (WHO, 2004)
This page offers access to an instrument developed by WHO for analyzing the results of the evaluations of antimalarial drug efficacy. It is being utilized by the teams carrying out this type of study within the framework of PAHO's Amazon Network for the Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance (RAVREDA, from its name in Spanish Red de Vigilancia de la Resistencia a las Drogas Antimaláricas) and USAID's Amazon Malaria Initiative (AMI).
mal-instrument-exercise-who.htm

Generic Protocols and Flow Diagram for in vivo Antimalarial Drug-Efficacy Studies in the Americas
Within the framework of PAHO's Amazon Network for the Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance (RAVREDA) and USAID's Amazon Malaria Initiative (AMI), three standarized protocolos are being offered to carry out in vivo drug effectiveness studies (as needed) to test the effectiveness of the antimalarials currently being used in different departments/provinces/states of the Amazon countries. This page provides a brief description of the projects and access to the research protocols (including the necessary forms) and, in one case, a flow diagram used in these studies.
mal-antimalarials.htm

Third Joint Meeting of the Networks for Surveillance of Emerging Infectious Diseases (Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 26-28 February 2004)
The objectives of this yearly meeting were (a) to present and discuss subregional activities carried out by the EID surveillance networks; and (2) to identify commitments and activities for the period 2004/2005, taking into account the guidelines of the plans of action of each one of them. This page provides the executive summary and access to the 124-page report in PDF, with links to the individual chapters.
eer-atl-2004.htm

Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM)
This resource page functions as an LAC clearinghouse for GFTAM, a coordinated effort of PAHO/WHO, UNAIDS and the LAC representative to the GFATM board (Brazil) to share information on the submission and implementation processes. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)is also supporting this effort. Documents will be routinely updated as the process moves forward.
gfatm.htm

Guidelines for Malaria Control Recommended by WHO Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Department, January 2004
This page links to the WHO documents that make up its recommended guidelines for malaria control and treatment. These guidelines can also be used for preparing proposals on malaria for submission to the 4^th Round of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM).
mal-control-guideline-sites-who.htm

Status of Malaria in the Americas, 2003: A Series of Data Tables
This Excel PDF speadsheet offers the latest compiled data for the Region of the Americas on the situation of malaria to the start of 2004, with 13 tables containing data for the Region and for up to 21 countries where malaria is endemic. Topic covered include morbidity and mortality, case detection, imported cases, transmission, treatment, laboratory findings, ecological risk, risk groups, program activity, budget, and antimalarial drugs.
mal-status-2003.pdf

Malaria Vector Control: Decision-Making Criteria and Procedures for Judicious Use of Insecticides
The purpose of this publication from the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) is to help to ensure the safe and effective use of insecticides in malaria vector control. The choice of the methods to use should be preceded by decisions on the composition of a selective approach to vector control that is specific in time and space and may or may not require the application of insecticides. This introduction positions chemical vector control within the context of an overall malaria control strategy. The link provided here is to the WHO full text (116 pp, PDF).
WHOPES

Assessment and Monitoring of Antimalarial Drug Efficacy for the Treatment of Uncomplicated falciparum Malaria
The primary goal of this protocol is to provide guidance in obtaining the minimum essential information about the clinical and parasitological response to antimalarial drugs among populations at greatest risk of severe morbidity or mortality due to malaria. Considerable emphasis has been placed on maintaining as much simplicity and practicality as possible. Using this protocol, programmes lacking access to substantial financial resources or to state-of-the-art laboratory analysis—most often obtained through collaborative links with medical research institutions-should nonetheless be able to produce the information needed to ensure the best malaria treatment for the people living in their country. PAHO recently adapted this protocol for use in the Americas (links contained on this page, along with access to the full-text WHO protocol).
mal-who-manual-pfalciparum.htm

Malaria Epidemics: Forecasting, Prevention, Early Detection and Control: From Policy to Practice (Report of an informal consultation, Leysin, Switzerland, 8–10 December 2003)
Malaria epidemics are some of the most serious public health emergencies with which health officials are confronted. Typically, they occur with little or no warning and in areas where the health system is generally unprepared to deal with the problem. The most important factor in reducing the impact of an epidemic is a timely response in which effective control measures are undertaken as soon as the episode has been detected. This page offers the executive summary of the meeting report and a link to the full text.
mal-who-leysin.htm

Position of WHO's Roll Back Malaria Department on Malaria Treatment Policy
This WHO position paper outlines its current policy and recommendations regarding malaria treatment, including the drugs used and how it approaches the issue of multidrug resistance (MDR) in developing countries.
mal-who-position-paper.htm

Epidemiological Bulletin: Index of Online Bulletins
Index of all of the Epidemiological Bulletin issues that are available on the PAHO Web (1990-2004).
bsindexe.htm

Practical Guide for in vivo Antimalarial Drug-Efficacy Studies in the Americas (RAVREDA-AMI, revised version, October 2003)
Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs is one of the most serious challenges facing national malaria control programs in the Americas. While in vivo drug-efficacy studies do not require sophisticated technology, they are not simple to conduct correctly. They require a well-trained and experienced clinical and laboratory team that closely follows the study protocol. The purpose of this guide, which is based on recent experiences with antimalarial drug efficacy studies in South America, was to complement to the WHO guidelines and standardized protocols. It is hoped that this guide, together with the generic protocols, will contribute to the successful implementation of in vivo studies and a surveillance system for antimalarial drug resistance in the Americas.
guia-practica.htm

Guidelines for Integrated Vector Management: Needs Assessment
Implementation of the Integrated Vector Management (IVM) strategy requires evaluation of technical and capacity needs of implementing countries. This 32-page document provides guidelines and identifies barriers and gaps for improving vector-control programs, with an eye to the African Region: methodology, procedures, questionnaire, and a guide for conducting national stakeholders' meetings.
WHO/AFRO

CD44.R6: Primary Health Care in the Americas: Lessons Learned over 25 Years and Future Challenges
This resolution from the 44th PAHO Directing Council in 2003, taking into consideration the Declaration of Alma-Ata and past PAHO resolutions, sets forth the mandate of improving the quality of primary care in the Americas: more equitable access to health services, improved surveillance and information systems in this context, improved training for healthcare workers, a health promotion approach, better policy implementation, local community-based approaches and models, working towards the Millennium Development Goals, etc.
CD44.R6

EID Weekly Updates: Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Region of the Americas, Vol. 1, No. 10—12 September 2003
This issue offers the latest information on the outbreak of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Palm Beach, Florida; the Yellow Fever situation in the Americas; and the current situation of West Nile Virus (WNV) in the Americas.
eid-eer-12-sep-2003.htm

EID Weekly Updates: Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Region of the Americas, Vol. 1, No. 9—4 September 2003
This issue provides information on recent outbreaks of P. vivax malaria in San Juan del Oro, Peru, and of West Nile Virus in the United States and Canada.
eid-eer-04-sep-2003.htm

An Update on Quality Assurance and Procurement through WHO for Improving Access to Artemisinin-based Combination Treatments (ACTs) for Malaria
Consistent with WHO recommendations, malaria endemic countries which are experiencing high levels of resistance to currently used antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) are changing treatment policies from monotherapies to artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs). This four-page update provides the latest information on these pharmaceutical developments for treating P. falciparum malaria.
mal-acts-update-7-03.htm mal-acts-update-7-03.doc mal-acts-update-7-03.pdf

WHO, List of Links on Communicable Diseases (by topic)
This list of links gives the user direct access to the main WHO pages on the various communicable diseases or on themes related to them.
cd-who-links.htm

Malaria (WHO Fact Sheet No. 94)
This official WHO fact sheet provides basic information on the disease, divided into several categories of frequently-asked questions. Malaria is an infection caused by a parasite and carried from person to person by mosquitoes. It is preventable and curable but kills more than one million people—-most of them young children in poverty-stricken areas-—each year.
WHO

Warning!!!!Two new varieties of fake artesunate are being sold in mainland Asia ...
This notice, distributed at the request of WHO and a product of its Roll Back Malaria collaborative efforts in Asia, meant to be posted in health-care facilities and downloadable as such, provides the key features to aid in identifying fake Guilin Pharma artesunate blisterpack holograms, as opposed to the genuine blisterpacks. Blisterpacks with fake holograms contain no artesunate and are therefore potentially lethal when used to treat P. falciparum malaria. These counterfeit drugs have the potential of worldwide distribution, hence WHO's request to publish this announcement on the PAHO web to warn the Americas of this risk.
mal-fake-artesunate.pdf

Assessment of the Safety of Artemisinin Compounds in Pregnancy: Report of Two Informal Consultations Convened by WHO in 2002
Various artemisinin compounds have been used as treatment for different forms of malaria since the early 1980s, initially in China where first developed and subsequently in many other countries. The literature on their use in pregnancy has been limited and animal studies have suggested that their use during pregnancy be restricted. With more data becoming available, it was time to re-evaluate existing data and policies on the use of artemisinin compounds in pregnancy. This report presents WHO’s current position on use of artemisinin compounds during pregnancy. On this page is the executive summary and a link to the full-text WHO report.
mal-artemisinin-preg-who.htm

Pan American Health Organization's Proposed Contribution to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) / Latin America and Caribbean Bureau's Amazon Malaria Initiative (AMI): Project Proposal and Workplans for Years 2 & 3 (March 2003)
This proposal describes the activities and related budget for the AMI project to be implemented over the two-year period of 2003-2004 and to be completed by September 30, 2004. It provides access to the workplans for regional and national activities as well as for the organizations working together in the project. The page provides access to a summary, the full-text report, and the individual workplans.
mar03-paho-ami-2.htm

Malaria Rapid Diagnosis—Making It Work: Informal Consultation on Field Trials and Quality Assurance on Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests
Early, rapid diagnosis of malaria is gaining increasing importance in health programmes in endemic countries in response to increasing drug costs and recognition of the importance of early, correct treatment to the reduction in malaria morbidity and mortality. This WHO consultation reviews progress in the development of malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) quality assurance (QA) and aimed to define an appropriate path for further QA development and clarify priorities for further research necessary to guide the large-scale use of RDTs.
mal-rapid-diagnosis-who.htm

Malaria Rapid Diagnosis: Making It Work
This informal WHO consultation on field trials and quality assurance on malaria rapid diagnostic tests )RDTs) took place in Manila in January 2003. Early, rapid diagnosis of malaria is gaining increasing importance in health programs in endemic countries in response to increasing drug costs and recognition of the importance of early, correct treatment to the reduction in malaria morbidity and mortality. This page offers the executive summary and access to the 71-page color booklet from WHO.
mal-who-rdt-mtg-rpt.htm

Manual for Indoor Residual Spraying: Application of Residual Sprays for Vector Control
This WHO guide is meant to instruct pest-control workers on how to safely and effectively administer residual insecticides. It was published in 2002 by WHO Communicable Disease Control, Prevention and Eradication as part of the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme, to provide uniform international standards for administration of pesticides to eliminate insects/vectors that transmit disease in an indoor setting. This summary links to the full-text WHO report.
mal-who-insecticide-manual.htm

Community Involvement in Rolling Back Malaria
The RBM community movement is both an active participant in malaria programmes and a political force intended to bring pressure upon governments to ensure that the health care needs of those most at risk of malaria are met. Evidence-based actions underpin all operations. RBM has already achieved notable successes in increasing political will, including making malaria a priority on their development and health agenda. RBM aims to generate a dynamic societal movement among those at risk of malaria. Organized community action against malaria must include empowering the most affected so that they can help themselves.
WHO/RBM

WHO Disease Outbreak News
This link provides access to the latest WHO updates and archives on disease outbreaks throughout the world.
WHO

Hurrying Toward Disaster?
This article describes how new, emerging and reemerging infectious diseases in the context of globalization, population growth and alterations to ecological systems can affect global health, and how we must prepare to combat them.
Perspectives in Health

First Technical Coordination Meeting of the Amazonian Network for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance (RAVREDA) and the Amazon Malaria Initiative (AMI) (Santa Cruz, Bolivia, 19-20 March 2002)
This meeting was attended by representatives from PAHO, WHO, USAID and CDC and the eight Amazon countries that make up the surveillance network and participate in the AMI project. This page offers the full-text conference report as well as links to other relevant documentation.
reunion2002.htm

2nd Joint Meeting of the Surveillance Network for Emerging Diseases in the Amazon and Southern Cone Regions (Atlanta, 23-24 March 2002)
Rapidly-spreading diseases from the group known as emerging infectious diseases require surveillance systems endowed with great sensibility allowing for immediate action to impede outbreak propogation or to control epidemics. In this context, a new paradigm of global cooperation has been established, where the objective is to reach common goals, work as a team, maintain a constant channel of communication, and know how to detect abnormalities.
This page offers PDF access to the full-text conference report, with country reports and disease recommendations organized separately.
redes-eer-atl-2002.htm

List of Participants, First Technical Meeting of First Technical Coordination Meeting of the Amazonian Network for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance (RAVREDA) and the Amazon Malaria Initiative (AMI) (Santa Cruz, Bolivia, 19-20 March 2002)
This list of experts involved in antimalarial drug resistance in the Amazon countries is included for networking and exchange purposes.
sc-participantes.htm

Monitoring Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Report of a WHO Consultation
The objectives of this consultation were to review and update WHO protocols for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of antimalarial drugs for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in areas with intense transmission and low to moderate transmission; review the draft guidelines for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine for vivax malaria; review the role of in vitro tests and current methods for detecting molecular markers in the surveillance of resistance to antimalarial drugs; and define the technical and operational elements needed for strengthening surveillance of drug resistance of both falciparum and vivax malaria at country level. This link goes to the full-text report at the WHO site, complete with executive summary.
WHO

Monitoring Antimalarial Drug Resistance: Report of a WHO Consultation
The objectives of this consultation were to review and update WHO protocols for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of antimalarial drugs treating uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in areas with intense transmission and low-moderate transmission; review the draft guidelines for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine for P. vivax malaria; review the role of in vitro tests and current methods for detecting molecular markers in the surveillance of resistance to antimalarial drugs; and define the technical and operational elements needed for strengthening surveillance of drug resistance of both P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria at the country level.
WHO

Pan American Health Organization's Proposed Contribution to the United States Agency for International Development / Latin America and Caribbean Bureau Amazon Malaria Initiative (AMI): Project Proposal and Workplans for Year One (2002)
This document lays out the agreement between PAHO and USAID for the collaboration between RAVREDA, the Amazonian Network for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, and the Amazon Malaria Initiative. It provides access to the regional and country workplans for the eight countries involved as foreseen for the first year (2002), as well as the full-text proposal.
paho-ami.htm

Antimalarial Drug Combination Therapy: Report of a WHO Consultation
This technical consultation was convened to review current evidence on combination therapy with antimalarial drugs; recommend the minimal criteria for selection and use of combination therapies of antimalarial drugs in different epidemiological settings; select appropriate combinations for use; and identify priority research, product development and production needs to facilitate the implementation of antimalarial combination therapies. This page offers a summary and access to the report.
mal-adct.htm

Third Meeting of the Surveillance Network for Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Amazon Countries--Monitoring Resistance to Antimalarial Drugs: Treatment Policies (Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; 9-11 March 2001)
This meeting of the Amazon Malaria Initiative (AMI)--a joint endeavor of PAHO/WHO, USAID and CDC--involved the participation of public-health professionals, representatives of international institutions and governmental cooperation agencies. Activities included (a) analysis of antimalarial drug policy and the current state of resistance to the drugs in the respective countries; (b) discussion of aspects of syndromic surveillance; (c) discussion of importance of regulating reagents and quality control to confirm suspected clinical cases; (d) description of regional activities promoting surveillance of antibiotic resistance. The full text of the document is offered here along with a summary and the recommendations.
reunion2001.htm

List of Participants: Third Meeting of the Network for the Surveillance of Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Amazon Countries (Bahia, Brasil, 9-11 March 2001)
This list, meant for networking and exchange purposes, provides contact information for the international experts of the Amazon Malaria Initiative (AMI), a joint PAHO-USAID-CDC project with the eight countries involved as part of the WHO global strategy, Roll Back Malaria. The focus of this group is on resistance to antimalarial drugs.
participantes.htm

Roll Back Malaria in Meso America: Report of the Meeting Held in the Dominican Republic with the Participation of Central American Countries, Mexico, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic (San Pedro de Macorís, 20-24 November 2000)
The main themes of this meeting were to introduce the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) initiative in Meso America, review the current malaria situation and prepare country work plans. This page contains access to the full-text technical report, including country data and plans organized separately by country, 16 color maps and graphs, subregional and national conclusions and recommendations, and the list of participants (all downloadable in PDF).
rbm-mesoamerica.htm

The Use of Antimalarial Drugs: Report of an Informal WHO Consultation
This comprehensive 144-page report, directed at managers of national malaria programs and those involved in implementing antimalarial treatment policies, reviews available antimalarial medicines and presents options for different treatment scenarios according to specific epidemiological situations, with a section is devoted to policy. This page offers a summary, the recommendations and research implications, and access to the full-text report.
mal-antipaludiques.htm

CD42.R15: Roll Back Malaria in the Region of the Americas
15th resolution adopted by the 42nd PAHO Directing Council in 2000 on the WHO RBM initiative and its application in the Americas.
cd42_r15-e.pdf CD42.15

Disaster Chronicles: El Niño 1997-1998 (only in Spanish)
Now that we are in a period "between Niños," it would be extremely useful to revisit the 1997/1998 phenomenon and draw from the experiences and lessons learned, so we can better prepare ourselves for the next episode. This book, available only in Spanish, is a technical and institutional retrospective of El Niño's effect on the health sector, showing the extent to which the 1997/1998 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affected daily life and public health in most Latin American countries. To access the book in full-text visit Crónicas de desastres: Fenómeno El Niño . If you would like to buy a copy of the book visit the Bookstore .

Malaria: Epidemiological Map by Risk Levels for Eight Countries of the Rainforest Region of South America
The maps cover Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. Data was presented at the Roll Back Malaria meeting in Cartagena (August 2000) and is based on 1999 figures.
maps-cartagena.htm

The Roll Back Malaria Initiative in the Rainforest Region of South America (Cartagena, Colombia, August 2000)
Nine countries attended this meeting: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. The objectives of the meeting were (1) to evaluate and to discuss the implementation of Roll Back Malaria (RBM) action plans; (2) discuss the establishment of national technical support groups through linkage between national researchers and malaria control staff; and (3) establish and reinforce RBM inter-country co-operative programs. This page offers access to the full-text conference report, with instant access to individual country reports and chapters, as well as epidemiological maps.
cartagena.htm

Perspectives in Health - Volume 4, Number 1, 1999
Magazine published twice a year by the Pan American Health Organization. This edition features the following articles: Malaria, Failure, Puzzle, and Challenge - Health and Medicine in the Pre-Columbian Americas - The Impact of Disease, Two Worlds Meet - Research for the People - Health, a Bridge to Peace in Peru and Ecuador - Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte, a Physician Among Her People - Urban Renewal in Kingston, Jamaica.
Number7_index.htm

Drains & You: A Manual for Drainage Maintenance Workers
This manual is useful not only for drainage workers engaged in cleaning and repairing secondary drains, working for ministries and local governments, but also for the general public in making them aware of the role drains play in public health and safety. In the latter sense, it serves as a social-communication tool to raise community awareness of the general public of domestic-sanitation issues and their effect on public health. This page offers the entire manual for field use, with chapters downloadable in PDF.
drains.htm

WHA52.11: Roll Back Malaria
This resolution from the 52nd World Health Assembly in 1999 recognizes the global burden of malaria is a challenge to human development and a significant cause of poverty and human suffering, particularly in the poorest nations of the world, and lays down a series of mandates on how to approach this problem through integrated and unified efforts.
WHA52.11

Healthy Homes, Healthy Communities: An Environmental Health Manual for Use by your Family and Community
Many people in communities have problems getting enough water for drinking, washing and keeping the home clean. Many people also do not know how mosquitoes can cause disease, how to get rid of garbage properly or what to do if there is a fire in the home or poisonous gases in the air. This manual, available in full text for grassroots use, helps people understand how unhealthy situations can aid the spread of diseases (for example, those transmitted by vectors, parasites or rodents). It shows which areas might require changes for healthier daily practices, or in preparing for an emergency or disaster.
healthy-homes.htm

Perspectives in Health - Volume 2, Number 1, 1997
Magazine published twice a year by the Pan American Health Organization. This edition features the following articles: No Small Enemy - Food for the Body, Fuel for Life - Canada Takes Prevention to Heart - Bolivian Soldiers With a New Cause - Saving Sarita - Outreach: The Young Peacemakers - Bittersweet Talk
Number3_index.htm

Perspectives in Health - Volume 1, Number 2, 1996
Magazine published twice a year by the Pan American Health Organization. This edition features the following articles: The Demerara Doctor - The Climate of Change: Omens for the Future - The Land of the Third Culture - A Childhood Stolen, A Society in Fear - The Daily Miracle - Big Wheel Surgery - Luís Fermín
Number2_index.htm

Diagnosis of Malaria
This book fulfills the demand for a manual that brings together knowledge about the biology of plasmodia, their behavior in the anopheline vectors, and human response to infection. An expanded and easy-to-use diagnostic tool, this publication is intended for use by specialized malaria prevention and control programs, as well as general health services, to help ensure the uniform application of diagnostic techniques.
Bookstore